📄 A comprehensive summary of fundamental internet principles crucial for backend development.

1️⃣ Networking Components

🧮 Switch

A switch connects multiple devices or PCs via LAN cables or wirelessly (acting as an access point). It forms a Local Area Network (LAN), allowing efficient data packet transmission between devices.

🌐 Router

A router connects a switch or device to the internet, allowing communication beyond the LAN using a Wide Area Network (WAN). It handles outbound traffic and optimizes packet routing using algorithms and routing tables.

🌍 The Internet Structure

The internet is a vast mesh of interconnected routers. These routers facilitate global packet transmission, using:

• Routing tables
• Congestion control algorithms
• Dynamic optimizations

2️⃣ Internet Communication

🔁 Request and Response Model

The internet operates on a request-response model.

Example: When a user requests a video, the server streams the data, improving performance and experience.

🛰️ Wide Area Network (WAN)

A WAN connects multiple LANs and other networks. The internet is the largest WAN and uses:

• VPNs for secure communication